Importance of Agriculture in the National Economy
Agriculture is a crucial pillar of the national economy, contributing to food security, employment, and exports. It plays a significant role in India’s GDP and supports millions of livelihoods.
India’s Role in Global Agricultural Production
Major Crop Area, Production, and Yield in Different Countries
1. Paddy (Rice)
- China ranks first globally.
- India ranks second globally.
- Indonesia ranks third globally.
2. Wheat
- China ranks first globally.
- India ranks second globally.
- Russia ranks third globally.
3. Maize
- USA ranks first globally.
- China ranks second globally.
- Brazil ranks third globally.
- India ranks seventh globally.
4. Pulses
- India ranks first globally.
- Myanmar ranks second globally.
- Canada ranks third globally.
5. Sugarcane
- Brazil ranks first globally.
- India ranks second globally.
- China ranks third globally.
6. Groundnut (with Shell)
- China ranks first globally.
- India ranks second globally.
- Nigeria ranks third globally.
7. Tobacco (Unmanufactured)
- China ranks first globally.
- Brazil ranks second globally.
- India ranks third globally.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Major Crops (2023-24)
- Paddy (Common): ₹2,183 per quintal
- Wheat: ₹2,275 per quintal
- Maize: ₹2,090 per quintal
- Gram: ₹5,440 per quintal
- Tur (Arhar): ₹7,000 per quintal
- Groundnut: ₹6,377 per quintal
- Cotton: ₹6,620 per quintal
- Soybean: ₹4,600 per quintal
- Sugarcane: ₹315 per quintal
Challenges in Agriculture
- Climate Change
- Low Productivity
- Market Fluctuations
- Infrastructure Deficiency
- Soil Degradation and Water Scarcity
- Lack of Financial Support
Conclusion
Agriculture is the foundation of India’s economy. Addressing challenges through sustainable practices and government support can enhance agricultural productivity and economic stability.
References
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of India
