📘 Static GK for ICAR AIEEA PG ABM – High-Scoring Topics
This guide includes frequently asked static topics such as agricultural revolutions, key institutions, economic terms, schemes, and Indian agri statistics. These are repeatedly seen in ICAR ABM previous year papers.
🌾 Agricultural Revolutions in India
| Revolution | Focus Area | Leader/Period |
|---|
| Green | Food grain production (Wheat & Rice) | M.S. Swaminathan (India), Norman Borlaug (World) |
| White | Milk Production | Dr. Verghese Kurien |
| Blue | Fish Production | Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri & Dr. Arun Krishnan |
| Yellow | Oilseeds Production | Sam Pitroda |
| Pink | Onion, Prawn, Pharmaceutical Production | Durgesh Patel |
| Golden | Horticulture (Fruits, Honey, Flowers) & Jute | Nirpakh Tutej (for some aspects, but largely associated with the period of rapid growth) |
| Golden Fiber | Jute Production | — (Focus on Jute, often merged with Golden Revolution contextually) |
| Silver | Egg Production & Poultry | Indira Gandhi (sometimes associated due to policy push) |
| Silver Fiber | Cotton Production | — |
| Red | Meat & Tomato Production | Vishal Tewari |
| Round | Potato Production | — |
| Brown | Leather, Non-Conventional Energy, Cocoa Production | — |
| Grey | Fertilizer Production | — |
| Evergreen | Overall Agricultural Production for Sustainable Agriculture | M.S. Swaminathan |
🏛️ Important Agricultural & Allied Institutions
| Institution | Focus | Headquarters |
|---|
| ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) | Agricultural Research & Education | New Delhi |
| IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) | Agricultural Research (especially crop improvement) | New Delhi |
| NDRI (National Dairy Research Institute) | Dairy Science & Milk Technology | Karnal, Haryana |
| IVRI (Indian Veterinary Research Institute) | Animal Health, Veterinary Medicine & Vaccine | Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh |
| CIFE (Central Institute of Fisheries Education) | Fisheries Education & Research (Deemed University) | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| CICR (Central Institute for Cotton Research) | Cotton Research & Development | Nagpur, Maharashtra |
| APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority) | Export promotion of agricultural & processed food products | New Delhi |
| NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) | Refinance for rural development, Rural Infrastructure Development | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| SFAC (Small Farmers' Agri-Business Consortium) | Promoting Agri-Business, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), Venture Capital Assistance | New Delhi |
| FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) | Food safety, standards & labeling | New Delhi |
📑 Key Government Schemes (Static)
- PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana): Provides crop insurance to farmers against non-preventable natural risks.
- PMKSY (Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana): Aims to expand cultivated area under assured irrigation, improve water-use efficiency ("Per Drop More Crop").
- e-NAM (National Agricultural Market): An online trading platform for agricultural commodities, linking APMC mandis across the country.
- RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana): State Plan Scheme for agricultural development, promoting agri-startup & infrastructure support. Now RKVY-RAFTAAR.
- PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi): Provides financial assistance of ₹6,000 per year in three equal installments to eligible farmer families.
- KCC (Kisan Credit Card): Provides timely and adequate credit to farmers for their agricultural and allied activities.
📚 Important Economic & Policy Terms
- Inflation: A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.
- Subsidy: A sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.
- Fiscal Deficit: The difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government. It indicates the total borrowings required by the government.
- Supply Chain: The entire network of entities — from the producer to the consumer — that works to deliver a product or service. In agriculture, from farm input to market linkage.
- MSP (Minimum Support Price): A form of market intervention by the Government of India to protect agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices.
- Buffer Stock: A stock of a commodity held by the government to iron out price fluctuations and ensure availability, especially in food grains.
📆 Important Agri Observance Days
| Date | Event |
|---|
| 16 October | World Food Day |
| 23 December | National Farmer’s Day (Kisan Diwas) - Birthday of Chaudhary Charan Singh |
| 22 March | World Water Day |
| 5 December | World Soil Day |
| 1 July | National Doctor’s Day (Relevant for Veterinary Science too) |
| 1-7 July | Van Mahotsav (Forest Festival) |
| 28 February | National Science Day (Relevant for Agri-Science) |
📈 Static Data – Indian Agriculture
- Contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP: ~15-18% (This figure fluctuates, check the latest Economic Survey for exact current data).
- Percentage of rural households depending on farming: ~55-60% (This figure can vary slightly based on data source and year, check latest NSSO/GoI reports).
- India ranks 1st in milk production globally.
- India is the 2nd largest producer of food grains globally (after China).
- India is the largest producer of pulses, jute, and milk globally.
- Major crop-producing states (top few may vary slightly year to year):
- Wheat & Sugarcane: Uttar Pradesh (often top or among top)
- Rice: West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab
- Maize: Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh
- Pulses: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra
- Cotton: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana
- Green Revolution pioneers: Punjab & Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh.
📝 Exam Tip
Focus on matching revolutions to their sectors/leaders, remembering institute names with locations and primary functions, and revising scheme objectives. Also, pay close attention to the latest economic statistics related to agriculture from official sources. These areas appear in both direct & case-based MCQs in the ABM exam.
